1. Preface
1.1. Report Description
1.1.1. Purpose of the Report
1.1.2. Target Audience
1.1.3. Key Offerings
1.2. Market Segmentation
1.3. Research Methodology
1.3.1. Phase I - Secondary Research
1.3.2. Phase II - Primary Research
1.3.3. Phase III - Expert Panel Review
1.3.4. Assumptions
1.3.5. Approach Adopted

2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Snapshot: Global Water Flosser Market
2.2. Global Water Flosser Market, By Product, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.3. Global Water Flosser Market, By Category, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.4. Global Water Flosser Market, By Tip Type, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.5. Global Water Flosser Market, By Consumer Group, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.6. Global Water Flosser Market, By End-Use, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.7. Global Water Flosser Market, By Price, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.8. Global Water Flosser Market, By Distribution Channel, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.9. Global Water Flosser Market, By Geography, 2023 (US$ Million)
2.10. Attractive Investment Proposition by Geography, 2023

3. Water Flosser Market: Competitive Analysis
3.1. Market Positioning of Key Water Flosser Market Vendors
3.2. Strategies Adopted by Water Flosser Market Vendors
3.3. Key Industry Strategies
4. Water Flosser Market: Macro Analysis & Market Dynamics
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Global Water Flosser Market Value, 2022 - 2032, (US$ Million)
4.3. Market Dynamics
4.3.1. Market Drivers
4.3.2. Market Restraints
4.3.3. Key Challenges
4.3.4. Key Opportunities
4.4. Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
4.5. See-Saw Analysis
4.6. Porter's Five Force Model
4.6.1. Supplier Power
4.6.2. Buyer Power
4.6.3. Threat Of Substitutes
4.6.4. Threat Of New Entrants
4.6.5. Competitive Rivalry
4.7. PESTEL Analysis
4.7.1. Political Landscape
4.7.2. Economic Landscape
4.7.3. Technology Landscape
4.7.4. Legal Landscape
4.7.5. Social Landscape

5. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
5.1. Market Overview
5.2. Growth & Revenue Analysis: 2023 Versus 2032
5.3. Market Segmentation
5.3.1. Countertop
5.3.2. Cordless
5.3.3. Others (Complete Care, Flossing Toothbrush, etc.)

6. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
6.1. Market Overview
6.2. Growth & Revenue Analysis: 2023 Versus 2032
6.3. Market Segmentation
6.3.1. Standard
6.3.2. Portable

7. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
7.1. Market Overview
7.2. Growth & Revenue Analysis: 2023 Versus 2032
7.3. Market Segmentation
7.3.1. Classic Jet Tip
7.3.2. Orthodontic Tip
7.3.3. Toothbrush Tip
7.3.4. Plaque Seeker Tip
7.3.5. Others (Pik Pocket Tip, etc.)

8. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
8.1. Market Overview
8.2. Growth & Revenue Analysis: 2023 Versus 2032
8.3. Market Segmentation
8.3.1. Adults
8.3.2. Kids

9. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
9.1. Market Overview
9.2. Growth & Revenue Analysis: 2023 Versus 2032
9.3. Market Segmentation
9.3.1. Residential
9.3.2. Commercial
9.3.2.1. Hospitals
9.3.2.2. Dental Clinics
9.3.2.3. Others

10. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
10.1. Market Overview
10.2. Growth & Revenue Analysis: 2023 Versus 2032
10.3. Market Segmentation
10.3.1. Low (Less than US$ 50)
10.3.2. Medium (US$ 50 - US$ 100)
10.3.3. High (More than US$ 100)

11. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
11.1. Market Overview
11.2. Growth & Revenue Analysis: 2023 Versus 2032
11.3. Market Segmentation
11.3.1. Online
11.3.1.1. E-commerce Websites
11.3.1.2. Company-owned Websites
11.3.2. Offline
11.3.2.1. Hypermarkets and Supermarkets
11.3.2.2. Specialty Stores
11.3.2.3. Drug Stores and Pharmacies


12. North America Water Flosser Market, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.1. Market Overview
12.2. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.3. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.4. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.5. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.6. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.7. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.8. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.Water Flosser Market: By Region, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.North America
12.9.1.1. U.S.
12.9.1.1.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.1.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.1.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.1.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.1.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.1.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.1.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.2. Canada
12.9.1.2.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.2.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.2.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.2.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.2.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.2.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.2.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.3. Rest of North America
12.9.1.3.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.3.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.3.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.3.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.3.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.3.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
12.9.1.3.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)

13. UK and European Union Water Flosser Market, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.1. Market Overview
13.2. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.3. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.4. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.5. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.6. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.7. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.8. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.Water Flosser Market: By Region, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.UK and European Union
13.9.1.1. UK
13.9.1.1.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.1.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.1.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.1.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.1.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.1.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.1.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.2. Germany
13.9.1.2.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.2.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.2.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.2.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.2.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.2.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.2.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.3. Spain
13.9.1.3.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.3.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.3.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.3.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.3.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.3.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.3.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.4. Italy
13.9.1.4.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.4.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.4.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.4.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.4.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.4.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.4.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.5. France
13.9.1.5.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.5.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.5.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.5.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.5.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.5.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.5.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.6. Rest of Europe
13.9.1.6.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.6.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.6.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.6.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.6.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.6.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
13.9.1.6.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)

14. Asia Pacific Water Flosser Market, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.1. Market Overview
14.2. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.3. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.4. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.5. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.6. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.7. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.8. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.Water Flosser Market: By Region, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.Asia Pacific
14.9.1.1. China
14.9.1.1.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.1.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.1.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.1.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.1.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.1.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.1.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.2. Japan
14.9.1.2.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.2.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.2.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.2.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.2.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.2.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.2.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.3. India
14.9.1.3.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.3.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.3.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.3.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.3.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.3.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.3.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.4. Australia
14.9.1.4.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.4.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.4.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.4.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.4.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.4.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.4.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.5. South Korea
14.9.1.5.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.5.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.5.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.5.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.5.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.5.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.5.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.6. Rest of Asia Pacific
14.9.1.6.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.6.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.6.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.6.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.6.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.6.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
14.9.1.6.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)

15. Latin America Water Flosser Market, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.1. Market Overview
15.2. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.3. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.4. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.5. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.6. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.7. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.8. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.Water Flosser Market: By Region, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.Latin America
15.9.1.1. Brazil
15.9.1.1.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.1.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.1.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.1.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.1.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.1.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.1.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.2. Mexico
15.9.1.2.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.2.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.2.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.2.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.2.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.2.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.2.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.3. Rest of Latin America
15.9.1.3.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.3.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.3.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.3.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.3.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.3.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
15.9.1.3.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)

16. Middle East and Africa Water Flosser Market, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.1. Market Overview
16.2. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.3. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.4. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.5. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.6. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.7. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.8. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.Water Flosser Market: By Region, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.Middle East and Africa
16.9.1.1. GCC
16.9.1.1.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.1.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.1.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.1.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.1.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.1.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.1.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.2. Africa
16.9.1.2.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.2.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.2.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.2.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.2.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.2.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.2.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.3. Rest of Middle East and Africa
16.9.1.3.1. Water Flosser Market: By Product, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.3.2. Water Flosser Market: By Category, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.3.3. Water Flosser Market: By Tip Type, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.3.4. Water Flosser Market: By Consumer Group, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.3.5. Water Flosser Market: By End-Use, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.3.6. Water Flosser Market: By Price, 2022-2032, USD (Million)
16.9.1.3.7. Water Flosser Market: By Distribution Channel, 2022-2032, USD (Million)

17. Company Profile
17.1. Waterpik
17.1.1. Company Overview
17.1.2. Financial Performance
17.1.3. Product Portfolio
17.1.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.2. Philips
17.2.1. Company Overview
17.2.2. Financial Performance
17.2.3. Product Portfolio
17.2.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.3. Panasonic,
17.3.1. Company Overview
17.3.2. Financial Performance
17.3.3. Product Portfolio
17.3.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.4. Oral-B
17.4.1. Company Overview
17.4.2. Financial Performance
17.4.3. Product Portfolio
17.4.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.5. Burst Oral Care
17.5.1. Company Overview
17.5.2. Financial Performance
17.5.3. Product Portfolio
17.5.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.6. Ginsey Home Solution
17.6.1. Company Overview
17.6.2. Financial Performance
17.6.3. Product Portfolio
17.6.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.7. Fly Cat Electrical Co., Ltd. (Nicefeel)
17.7.1. Company Overview
17.7.2. Financial Performance
17.7.3. Product Portfolio
17.7.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.8. JETPIK Corporation
17.8.1. Company Overview
17.8.2. Financial Performance
17.8.3. Product Portfolio
17.8.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.9. Church & Dwight (Water Pik, Inc.),
17.9.1. Company Overview
17.9.2. Financial Performance
17.9.3. Product Portfolio
17.9.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.10. ToiletTree Products, Inc
17.10.1. Company Overview
17.10.2. Financial Performance
17.10.3. Product Portfolio
17.10.4. Strategic Initiatives
17.11. Other Notable Players
17.11.1. Company Overview
17.11.2. Financial Performance
17.11.3. Product Portfolio
17.11.4. Strategic Initiatives